...

A..

Alonzo, Bunker.

"Soo Thah: a tale of the making of the Karen nation." New York, Fleming H. Revell, 1902. 250p.

[With introduction by Henry C. Mabie. The author was a missionary to Northern Karen State for 30 years.]

Amnesty International.

"Burma – Extrajudicial Execution and Torture of Members of Ethnic Minorities." London: Amnesty International, 1988.

Anderson, J. P.

"Some Notes about the Karens in Siam." Journal of the Siam Society, 17 (2): 51-58, 1923.

Aung Hla, Saw.

* "The Karen History." Printed at the Karen Magazine, Bassein, Burma. Translated by Saw Laurence Po. Chiangmai, Thailand, 1987.

[In this book, the author, interestingly enough, connects historical roots of Karen people with one of the "lost tribes of Israel."] KCHC

Aung Htu.

"Karen New Year." Hpa Pun, 1975.

(In Burmese: Ka Yin Hnit Thit Ku Pwe)

LC: DS528.2.K35 A96.

B..

Ballard, Emilie.

"Say it in Karen." Chiang Mai, Thailand: Thailand Baptist Missionary Fellowship, 1993.

[For the study of Karen language--Conversation and phrase book. This work is designed to meet the need of foreigners who want to learn Karen language--Spoken Karen.]

KCHC, LCCN NUMBER: 93-916527

Blackwell, Rev. George E.

"The Anglo-Karen Dictionary (Based on the Dictionary Compiled by J. Wade and Mrs. J. P. Binney)." Rangoon: Baptist Board of Publications, 1954. KCHC

Bose, Helge.

"The Right to Union: The Concept of Self-determination and the Karens of Burma." An Honors Thesis submitted to Georgia State U, 1992.

[A copy of this thesis may be requested by writing to the Dept. of Political Science at Georgia State University.] KCHC

Brown, David.

"The State and Ethnic Politics in South-East Asia." New York and London: Routledge, 1994.

[Titled "The Ethnocratic State and Ethnic Separatism in Burma," chapter 2 in this book discusses about the ongoing Burma’s ethnic political conflicts, including that of Karen. The author terms Burma as "ethnocratic state" and perceives current ethnic conflicts in Burma as "clashes between absolutist and irreconcilable ideologies: the imperative of state nationalism confronting the imperative of ethnic nationalism."]

Bruce, George.

"The Burma Wars 1824-1886." Hart-Davis, MacGiven: London, 1973.

Burma (Union), Karen Special Enquiry Commission.

"Karen Special Enquiry Commission Report," Rangoon, Superintendent of Government Printing and Stationary, 1951.

C..

Cady, John F.

"The Karens,’ in Burma." ed. Frank N. Tranger, HRAF Subcontractor’s Monograph No. 37, New Haven (mimeographed), 1956.

Carpenter, C. H.

"A Tour among the Karens of Siam." Baptist Missionary Magazine, 53: 9-16, 1873.

Chaney, Elsie Northrup.

"The Ivory Cutter." Claremont, California: The Creative Press, 1955.

KCHC.

Cooler, Richard M.

"The Karen Bronze Drum of Burma: Types, Iconography, Manufacture, and Use." Leiden, New York: E. J Brill, 1995.

LC: DS503 .S77

Cooler, Richard M.

"The Use of Karen Drums in the Royal courts and Buddhist Temples of Burma and Thailand: A Continuing Mon Tradition." Michigan Papers of South and Southeast Asia No. 25. Ann Arbor: Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies, University of Michigan, 1986.

Cooke, Joseph R. et al.

"Phlong (Pwo Karen of Hot District, Chiang Mai)." In Phonemes and Orthography: Language Planning in Ten Minority Languages of Thailand, ed. By William A. Smalley. Pacific Linguistics Series C, No. 43. Canberra: The Australian National University, Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, 1976. Pp. 187-220.

Cruickshank, Charles.

"S.O.E (Special Operation Executive) in the Far East." Oxford U Press: London, 1983.

Curen, Pippa.

"The Kawthoolei Women’s Organization." Cultural Survival Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 4, 1989. P. 32-34.

NMNH-SI and other university libraries.

D..

De Lacouperie, Terrin.

"The Languages of China before the Chinese." Ch'eng-wen Publishing Co.: Taipei, Taiwan, 1966. KCHC, LC.

E..

Edward, Norman Harris.

"Karen Folklore." Based on stories told to him by Thara Poh, mss is circa, 1936.

[Notes: "Thara" is a Karen term used for respected educator or teacher.] KCHC.

Edward, Norman Harris. (collected by)

"The Rice Fairy - Karen Stories from S.E Asia." Simplicity Press, 1987.

KCHC, LC.

F..

Falla, Jonathan.

"True Love and Bartholomew: Rebels on the Burmese Border." New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

LC: DS528.2.K35 A96.

Fraser-lu, Sylvia.

"Frog Drum and Their Importance in Karen Culture." Arts of Asia, Vol. 13, No. 5, September-October, 1993, pp. 50-58.

[Author explores the origin and the crucial role of frog drum in Karen culture and history, despite the fact that Karens themselves did not manufacture frog drum.] LC, NMNH-SI.

G..

Gilmore, David.

"A grammar of the Sgaw Karen." Rangoon: American Baptist Mission Press, F. D. Phinney, 1898. 51p.

Gould, E. b.

"Eastern Karennee and Siamese Claims." Letter to the Marquis of Salisbury, 27 March 1889. London: Foreign Office Archives, F.O. 69/132/4562.

Guyot, D.

"May We Be Spared the Misfortune Arising from a Changing of Kings." In Asie du Sud-Est Continentale: actes du XXIX Congres International des Orientalistes, Paris. Juillet 1973. P. B. Lafont, ed. Pp. 63-66. Paris: L’Asiatheque, 1976.

Guyot, D.

"Communal Conflict in the Burma Delta." In Southeast Asian Transitions. R. T. McVey, ed. pp. 191-234. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1978. LC, NMNH-SI.

H..

H. N. C. Stevenson.

"The Hill Peoples of Burma." Burma Pamphlet #6, Longmans, 1945.

KCHC.

Hamilton, James W.

"Pwo Karen: At the Edge of Mountain and Plain." St. Paul: West Pub. Co., 1976. 354p. The American Ethnological Society no. 60.

LC.

Hamilton, James W.

"Effects of Thai Market on Karen Life." Practical Anthropology, 10(5): 209-15.

Hamilton, James W.

"Ban Hong: Social Structure and Economy of a Pwo Karen Village in Northern Thailand." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan, 1965. (University Microfilms #66-6614.)

Hare, Eric B.

"Jungle Storyteller: the Life of Tha Myaing, the first Adventist Karen Minister in Burma." Boise, Idaho: Pacific Press Pub. Association, 1985.

LC.

Hill, Glen.

"Wildlife Trade in Mergui Tavoy District, Kawthoolei in December 1991- April 1993." TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Field Report no. 2, Chiangmai, 1993.

Hinton, Peter.

"The Pwo Karen of Northern Thailand: A Preliminary Report." Chaingmai, Thailand: Tribal Research Center, 1969.

Hinton, Peter.

"Do the Karen Really Exist?" In Highlanders of Thailand, ed. J. McKinnon and W. Bhruksasri. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1983.

[Notes: Martin Smith, a respected journalist and well-known author of several articles and books on ethnic peoples of Burma, argues that this study of Karen people is mostly "written from the misleading perspective of neighboring Thailand, come nowhere near understanding the dynamism and aspirations of modern nationality movements in Burma."]

Hinton, Peter.

"The Karen, Millenialism, and the Politics of Accommodation to Lowland States." In Ethnic Adaptation and Identity: The Karen on the Frontier with Burma. C. F. Keyes, ed. Pp. 81-98. Philadelphia, PA: ISHI, 1979.

[A study on the relationship between the remote Karen villages of northern Thailand and the central Thai authority.]

Hovemyr, Anders P.

"In Search of the Karen King: a Study in Karen Identity with Special Reference to 19th Century Karen Evangelism in Northern Thailand." Academiae Ubsaliensis, 1989.

LC: BV 3270 .H58.

I..

 Ijima, Shigeru.

"Ethnic Identity and Social Cultural Change among Sgaw Karen in Northern Thailand," in Ethnic Adaptation and Identity: the Karens on the Thai Frontier with Burma, ed. by Charles F. Keyes. ISHI: Philadephia, 1979.

J

Jones, Robert B., Jr.

"The Karen Language; Descriptive and Comparative Studies." University of California at Berkeley, 1958. (Doctoral Dissertation for a Ph.D in Linguistics). 254p.

For copies, write to the Interlibrary Loan Services, Photoduplication Section, the General Library, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.

[Part 1 of the thesis is a description of the Moulmein Sgaw variety of Karen (including its segmental and supra-segmental phonemes; its verbs, nouns, relators, adverbials, markets and interjections; its verb, noun and adverbial compounds; and various types of constructions within the language). Part 2 consists of a comparisons of five varieties of Karen (the Moulmein and Bassein varieties of both Sgaw and Pho Karen, and Taungthu (Pa-O) and reconstructioon of proto-types. The final part of Jones’ study is an etymological glossary that contains 837 entries and includes the reconstructed forms for each level of reconstruction.] Later, this dissertation was revised and published as below.

Jones, Robert B., Jr.

"Karen Linguistic Studies: Description, Comparison and Texts." University of California Publications in Linguistics, vol. 25, Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press. 283p.

Jones, Robert B., Jr.

"Laryngeals and the Development of Tones in Karen." Burma Research Society, Fiftieth Anniversary Publications Number 1. Pp. 101-106.

Jones, Robert B., Jr.

"The Question of Karen Linguistic Affiliation." Paper presented at the Eighth International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics, Berkeley, California.

K

Karen National Union (KNU).

"Clarification Document Concerning the Negotiation between the Karen National Union (KNU) and the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC)." Manerplaw: Karen National Union, 1996.

[Translated into English by the Research Department of Karen National League (KNL).] KCHC, also available on Karen Website.

Kato, Hiroshi.

"Kawthoolei: a report on the uncharted state of Burma and the documents of the national movement which seeks independence from Burma; words and photographs by H. Katoh. 1st ed. Tokyo: Dojidaisha, 1982. 155p.

KCHC, LC.

Keyes, Charles F.

"Ethnic Adaptation and Identity: The Karen on the Thai Frontier with Burma." Philadephia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues, Inc., 1979.

[Anyone interested in ordering this book or for more information may write to Director of Publications, ISHI, 3401 Science Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, U.S.A.]

Keyes, Charles F.

"Tribal Peoples and the Nation-State in Mainland Southeast Asia." In Southeast Asian Tribal Groups and Ethnic Minorities: Prospects for the Eighties and Beyond (Cultural Survival Report 22), Cambridge, MA: Cultural Survival, Inc., 1987.

Keyes, Charles F.

"The Golden Peninsula: Culture and Adaptation in Mainland South East Asia." Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1995.

[The first chapter of this book deals with the social and cultural adaptation of some ethnic peoples of Burma including Chin and Karen. The author also attempts to explain "Karen nationalism" in the context of their transformation from traditional religion to Buddhism and Christianity, their political aspiration and traditional culture.]

Keyes, Charles F.

"The Karen in Thai History and the History of the Karen in Thailand." In Ethnic Adaptation and Identity: The Karen on the Frontier with Burma. C. F. Keyes, ed. Pp. 25-61. Philadelphia, PA: ISHI, 1979.

Klein, Harold Eugene.

"Beyond His Calling: the life of Chester Leroy Klein." Carlton Press, NY, 1983. 241p.

[The author himself was born in Burma from an American missionary couple who worked among Karen people of Shwegin area in Burma more than twenty years. This book is the account of his parents as missionaries among Burma’s Karen people.] KCHC

Klein, Harold E.

"The Peanut Brittle House." Los Angeles, 1984.

[A pictorial book which illustrates the history of Christian missionaries and their works among Karen people in the Shwegin area of Burma.] KCHC

Klein, Harold E.

"The Karens of Burma: Their Search for Freedom and Justice." Unpublished. KCHC

Kunstadter, Peter.

"Ethnic Group, Category, and Identity: Karen in Northern Thailand." In Ethnic Adaptation and Identity: The Karen on the Frontier with Burma. C. F. Keyes, ed. Pp. 119-164. Philadelphia, PA: ISHI, 1979.

L..

Lebar, Frank M. et al.

"Ethnic Groups of Mainland Southeast Asia." New Haven: Human Relation Area Files Press, 1964. P.58-62.

LC, SI and several university libraries.

[A small section in this book gives a very good summary of historical and cultural backgrounds of Karen people.]

Lehman, F. K.

"Ethnic Categories in Burma and the Theory of Social Systems. In Southeast Asian Tribes, Minorities and Nationas. P. Kunstadter, ed. Pp. 93-124. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1967.

Lehman, F. K.

"Kayah Society as a Function of the Shan-Burma-Karen Context." In Contemporary Change in Traditioooonal Societies. J. Steward, ed. Pp. 1-104. Burana: University of Illinois Press, 1967.

Lehman, F. K.

"Who are the Karen, and If So, Why? Karen Ethnohistory and a Formal Theory of Ethnicity." In Ethnic Adaptation and Identity: The Karen on the Frontier with Burma. C. F. Keyes, ed. Pp. 215-249. Philadelphia, PA: ISHI, 1979.

[The author examines the origin of Karen people by critically analyzing available ethnolinguistic and historical evidences. He also presents some plausible applications of academic theory to modern day Karen identity.]

Lewis, James Lee.

"Self-supporting Karen Churches in Burma: A Historical Study of the Development of Karen Stewardship." Central Baptist Theological Seminary, 1946. (Doctoral Dissertation for a Th.D). 420p. For copies, write to the Central Baptist Theological Seminary Library, Seminary Heights, Kansas City, KS 66102.

[An historically-oriented study of the process by which the Karen churches and schools became self-supporting (i.e., they ceased receiving regular monetary aid from the mother missionary society in the United States) as a result of efforts undertaken by the early Karen missionaries and their followers.] The study also deals with the life of Ko (Saw) Tha Byu and Dr. Adoniram Judson, a pioneer missionary from American Baptist Mission to Burma during the 1850’s, 60’s and 70’s.] KCHC

Lewis, J. L.

"The Burmanization of the Karen People: A Study in Racial Adaptability." M.A. thesis, University of Chicago, 1924.

KCHC.

Lisa McQuail.

"Treasures of Two Nations: Thai Royal Gifts to the United States of America." Asian Cultural History Program, Smithsonian Institution: Washington, DC, 1997.

[This pictorial book includes a nice picture of Karen Drum that was presented to the United States of America by Phra Pin Klao, the Second King during the reign of King Mongkut (Rama IV) r. 1851-1868, as Harris Treaty Gifts in 1856. Pp. 125]

Loo Shwe, Thara (Saw).

"The Karen People of Thailand and Christianity." Typescript, n.p., Rangoon, 1962.