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 Mackenzie, Donald Smeaton. " The Loyal Karens of Burma." London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Co., 1887. 264p. [An introduction to the Karens who are described as ‘the staunchest and bravest defenders of the British rule’ with sections on Karen language, literature, customs and religion. Smeaton (1848-1910) gives extensive quotations in the introductory chapter (p. 1-65) from the letters of the American medical missionary, Dr. Vinton, written in 1886 describing the turbulent times following the British annexation, and with the theme and fear ‘that, after profiting by the loyalty, devotion, and bravery of the Karens, the Bristish Government will again forget them…..’]
Marlowe, David H. "In the Mosaic: The Cognitive and Structural Aspects of Karen-Other Relationships." In Ethnic Adaptation and Identity: The Karen on the Frontier with Burma. C. F. Keyes, ed. Pp. 165-214. Philadelphia, PA: ISHI, 1979.
Marlowe, David H. "Upland-Lowland Relationships: the Case of S’kaw Karen of Central Upland Western Chiang Mai." In Tribesmen and Peasants in North Thailand, ed. By Peter Hinton. Chiang Mai: Tribal Research Center, 1969. Pp. 53-68.
Marlowe, David H. "The S’kaw Karen of Chiang Mai." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Asian Studies, San Francisco, April, 1970.
Mark, T. A. "The Karen Revolt in Burma." Issues and Studies 14(12): 48-84, 1978.
Marshall, Harry Ignatius. "The Karen People of Burma: a Study in Anthropology and Ethnology." New York: AMS Press, 1980. 329p. [One of the most comprehensive study and analysis of Karen culture, tradition and their way of life.] KCHC, LC and several other University Libraries.
Marshall, Harry I. "Karens: an element in the melting pot of Burma." Southern Workman, 56 (1927): 26-33.
Marshall, Harry I. "Karen Bronze Drums." Journal of Burma Research Society 19 (April 1929), pp. 1-14.
Marshall, Harry I. "Naw Su." Portland, Maine: Falmouth, 1947. 351p. [Although this is written as a fiction, the author depicts "the clash of cultures and faiths arising when a Karen girl is converted to Christianity." The story is set just after the Third Anglo-Burmese War.] LC.
Marshall Shwin, Saw. "Karen Tall Tales." Educational Resource Center, Thailand. Karen Baptist Cenvention: Chaingmai, Thailand, 1988. KCHC
Mason, Francis. "Synopsis of a grammar of the Karen language embracing both dialects, Sgau and Pgho, or Sho." Tavoy, Burma: Karen Mission Press, 1846. 458p. [This seems to be the most comprehensively published pioneering grammar of Sgaw and Pwo Karen, which includes indexes of words (p. 301-444), and a sample subject index on conchology (p. 447-53) with entries in Karen, Burmese and English. The work reflects Mason’s interests paying particular attention to natural history terminology. Also given (in a duplicate pagination sequence of p. 299-314) is the Pwo Karen text of a ‘Buddhist romance’ called ‘The clandestine marriage’ included by Mason as an exercise in the usage of language rather than as a piece of literature.]
Mason, Francis. "The Karen Apostle, or Memoir of Ko (Saw) Tha Byu, the First Karen Convert, with Notices Concerning His Nation." Bassein, Burma: Sgaw Karen Press, 1884. (Originally published in Boston by Gould, Kendall, and Lincoln, 1843.)
Mason, Ellen Huntley bullard. "Civilizing mountain men: or sketches of mission work among the Karens." London: James Nisbet, 1862. 384p. [This book reflects the author’s devotion to her work of "founding self-supporting girls’ schools for the education of Karens at Toungoo"]. LC
McMahon, A. R. "The Karens of the Golden Chersonese." London: Harison, 1876.
Mika Rolly, Saw. "The Karenni and Pa-O Revolution in Burma." Cultural Survival Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 4, 1989. P. 15-18.
Mirante, Edith. "I am Still Alive." A report of Human Rights Abuses from 1983-1986. Project Maje, 14 Dartmouth Road, Cranford N.J. 1986. KCHC
Mirante, Edith. "Ethnic Minorities of Burma Frontiers and Their Resistance Groups." In Southeast Asian Tribal Groups and Ethnic Minorities: Prospects for the Eighties and Beyond (Cultural Survival Report 22). Cambridge, MA: Cultural Survival, Inc., 1987.
Mooler Theh, Thara Doh "Thara Mooler Theh: Events in His life." Translated by SawBa Saw Khin, Rangoon: Karen Baptist Convention of Burma, 1988. [notes: Thra Doh, in Sqaw Karen, generally means Reverend.] KCHC
Moore, A. W. "Burma: the Question of Karennee." In Political and Secret Memoranda of the India Office. London: India Office Records, 1/P & s/18/B20, 1879.
O’Riley, F. G. S. "Notices on Karen Nee, the Country of Kaya or Red Karens." In India Political and Foreign Consultations. London: India Office Records, IPF/26/202, No. 102, 1857. (Also published in Journal of the Indian Archipelago, n.s., 4 (1889): 1-25.)
Pah Dwai, Saw. "Karen Citizenship, or True Citizenship." Rangoon: Printed at Prompt Press, 1936. 28p. LC JF801 .P28
Perngparn, Usaneya, et al. "Impact of Health Development on child Rearing of the Hilltribes: Karen and H’mong." Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Press, 1992.
Pi Emma, Naw. "The Karen People." Vol. 1 & 2, Educational Resource Center, Thailand Karen Baptist Convention, Chaingmai, Thailand, 1988. KCHC
Po, San Crombie, Dr. "Burma and the Karens." Elliot Stock: London, 1928. 94p. [The author is one of the earliest Karen to become a medical doctor who was educated in England. In his book, San C. Po describes simplistic and peace-loving nature of his people and their relations with ethnic Burman. He advocates separate self-government of the Karens.]
Po Lay Tay * "The Karen Stories." Published by Karen Baptist Convention for Middle Schools in Karen State. KCHC
Poo Taw Oo (Thara Bu Mu) * "The Karen Bronze Drums." Rangoon, 1961. KCHC
Rajah, Ananda. "Ethnicity, Nationalism and Nation-State: The Karen in Burma and Thailand." In Geham Wijeyewardene (ed.) Ethnic Groups Across National Boundaries in Mainland Southeast Asia, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1990.
Rebecca, Naw. "Karen Education: Children on the Front Line." Cultural Survival Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 4, 1989. P. 30-32. [A brief explanation by a Karen teacher on the appalling situation of Karen children and Karen education along the war-torn Thai-Burma border.]
Renard, Ronald Duane, et al. "Changes in the Northern Thai Hills: An Examination of the Impact of Hill Tribe Development Work, 1957-1987." Chaingmai, Thailand: Research and Development Center, Payap University, 1988.
Renard, Ronald Duane. "Kariang: History of Karen-T’ai Relations from the Beginnings to 1923." University of Hawaii, 1980. (Doctoral Dissertation for a Ph.D in History). [Chapter 1 (pp. 1-29), "Defining the Karens," chapter 2 (pp. 30-65), "Early History (of the Karens before the Konbaung Wars)," and chapter 3 (pp. 66-118), "Troubles around the Three Pagodas Pass: Karens in Central Thailand from the Konboung Wars to the eve of Chulalongkorn’s Reforms 1753-1883," deals in part with the Karen in Burma. The remainder of the thesis deals only the Karen communities in central and northern Thailand, covering such topics as (a) the economic role of the Karens during the nineteenth century as suppliers to the Thai of such valuable commodities as lac, tin, sappan wood, animal skins, horns, and hides, (b) the gradual impoverishment of the Karens as the Thai economy developed, and (c) King Chulalongkorn’s efforts to extend to the Karen all the benefits of the modernized Thai state he was building.] LC
Rhode, D. E. "The First Karen Dictionary." British Museum Quarterly, 20 (1955/1956): 58-59.
Roy, Shree Bhagawan. "Bio-Social Change Among the Karens of Andaman Island." New Dehli: Inter-India Publications, 1995. 128 p. [This book gives detail analysis on the life-style of, and changes in social customs among, Karen people from Burma who were settled in Andaman and Nicobar Islands by the British in 1924-25.] LC: DS 432.k2R69
Shwe Wa, Maung. "Burma Baptist Chronicle." ed. Genevieve Sowards and Erville Sowards. [Judson Sesquicentennial ed.] Rangoon: Board of Publications, Burma Baptist convention, 1963. 448p. LC, KBC library (in Rangoon).
Smeaton, D. M. "The Royal Karens of Burma." London: Kegan, Paul and Trench, 1887. KCHC.
Smith Dun, Saw. "Memoirs of the Four-Foot Colonel." Ithaca, N.Y.: Southeast Asia Program, Dept. of Asian Studies, Cornell University, 1980. Data Paper no. 113. KCHC, LC, Cornell University and other university libraries.
Smith, Martin. "Burma: Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity." Penguin: London, 1992. [A comprehensive analysis on modern day ethnic resistance movements in Burma which includes the revolutionary history of Karen, Kachin, Karenni and other ethnic nationalities of Burma.] LC, KCHC and other university libraries.
Smith, Martin. "Burma and World War II." Cultural Survival Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 4, 1989. P. 4-6.
Smith, Martin. (in collaboration with Annie Allsebrook) "Ethnic groups in Burma : development, democracy and human rights." ed. Anne-Marie Sharman. London : Anti-Slavery International, 1994. 144 p. [Martin Smith explains the critical situation of Burma’s ethnic people as the ruling military regime continues to launch its full-scale offensives against them. His book reflects massive human rights violations committed by the military regime against ethnic minorities, along with the suppression of democratic movement in the country.]
Smith, Martin. "A State of Strive: the Indigenous Peoples of Burma." In Indigenous Peoples of Asia. Ed. R. H. Barnes, et al. Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Asian Studies, Inc., 1995. p. 221-245. Monograph and Occasional Paper Series, Number 48. [The author critically examines the emergence and development of ethnic political conflicts in Burma within complex political and historical backgrounds of the country. The study includes the investigation of how and why some specific problems arose and how they are dealt with by the successive Burmese regimes.] LC, KCHC, and several University Libraries.
Solnit, David Benedict. "A grammatical sketch of Eastern Kayah (Red Karen)." PhD thesis, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 1986. (Available from University Microfilm, Ann Arbor, Michigan, order no. UM 8718164).
Soottipong, Rossarin. "Differentials in Contraceptive Use among the Karen in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand." Research School of Social Science, Australian National University: Canberra, 1991. LC, ANU.
Stern, Theodore. "A People in Between: The Pwo Karen of Western Thailand." In Ethnic Adaptation and Identity: The Karen on the Frontier with Burma. C. F. Keyes, ed. Pp. 63-80. Philadelphia, PA: ISHI, 1979.
Stern, Theodore. "Research upon Karen in Village and Town, Upper Khwae Noi, Western Thailand. Selected Findings." Report to the National Research Council of Thailand. Bangkok: mimeo, 1965.
Stern, Theodore. "Ariya and the Golden Book: A Millenarian Buddhist Sect among the Karen." Journal of Asian Studies, 27 (2): 297-328, 1968.
Stern, Theodore. "The Cult of the Local ‘Lord’ among the Karen." Paper presented at the 67th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association. Mimeo. 1968.
Stern, Theodore. "Three Pwo Karen Scripts: A Study of Alphabet Formation." Anthropological Linguistics, 10 (1): 1-39, 1968.
Tadaw, Saw Hanson. "The Karens of Burma: A Study in Human Geography." In Studies in Human Ecology, ed. by George A. Theodorson. Evanston, Illinois: Row, Peterson and Co. Pp. 496-506.
Tarling, Nicholas "An Empire Gem" British Wartime Planning for Post War Burma 1943-44. Journal of S. E. Asian Studies, Vol. 13, #2, September 1982.
Taylor, R. H. "Perceptions of Ethnicity in the Politics of Burma." Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science 10, no. 1: 7-12.
Tho Wah, Saw * "The Life of Mahn Saw Bu." Rangoon, 1962. KCHC. [This book tells us about the life of one of the most prominent Karen who reportedly attempted to sacrifice his own life in order to save the lives of his fellow innocent Karens who were about to be executed by the Japanese troops.]
Thongmak, Seri and David L. Hulse. "The Winds of Change: Karen People in Harmony with World Heritage." In Elizabeth Kemf (ed.), The Law of the Mother: Protecting Indigenous Peoples in Protected Areas, San Francisco: Sierra Club, 1993. pp. 161-168.
Thorne, Christopher. "Allies of a Kind." London: Oxford U Press, 1979. KCHC
Truxton, Addison Strong. "The Integration of Karen Peoples of Burma and Thailand into Their Respective National Cultures: A Study in the Dynamics of Culture Contact." M.A. thesis, Cornell University, 1958.
Wade, Jonathan. "Karen Vernacular Grammar, with English interspersed for the benefit of foreign students." Moulmain: American Baptist Mission Press, 1861. [This book, probably, is intended for the use of foreign missionaries who want to learn spoken and written Karen, in a way to make it easier for them to communicate with local people.] LC.
West, George A., and D. C. Atwool. "Jungle Folk." Westminister, Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 1933. 83p. [As early Anglican missionaries to the Karens, authors illustrates their works and lives among Karens of the Salween Valley.]
Wilson, Constance M. "Burmese-Karen Warfare." JAAF 3:2 (Fall, 1978): 10-28.
Materials in this list are in English, unless otherwise noted with a " * " symbol.
Abbreviations:
ANU = Australian National University KBC = Karen Baptist Convention KCHC = Karen Cultural and Historical Center, Bakersfield, California. LC = The Library of Congress NMNH - SI = National Museum of National History - Smithsonian Institution.
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